英语语法：梳理和提高18动词不定式讲解
发布:佚名 时间:2009-9-3 15:22:00 来源:京翰教育中心 录入:李 人气:330
【文字：
大 小】
动词不定式
不定式：to + 动词原形
知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！
动词不定式的基本形式是"to + 动词原形"，有时可以不带to。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语：
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句法作用
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例 句
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作宾语
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She wanted to borrowed my radio.
They began to read and write.
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作状语
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She went to see her grandma last Sunday .
He came to give us a talk yesterday.
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作宾语补足语
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Lucy asked him to turn off the radio.
She asked me to speak more loudly
Jim told Ling Feng to go home at once .
The father made his son study hard.
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作定语
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Have you got anything to say?
I had something to eat this morning .
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作主语
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To learn a foreign language is not easy.
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注：作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如：
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
It took us three days to do the work.
动词不定式的否定形式由"not+动词不定式"构成. 如:
Tell him not to be late.
The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.
4) 不定式省去to的情况: 在感官动词see，watch，look at，hear， listen to，feel和使役动词make，have，let等所接的宾语中（不定式做宾语不足语），不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如：
Let me listen to you sing the song.
He watched his son play computer games.
I saw him run away.------He was seen to run away.
The boss make the workers work the whole night.----The workers were made to work the whole night.
5) 动词不定式和疑问词连用
动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where, when 等连用，构成不定式短语。如：
The question is when to start.
I don't know where to go .
He showed me how to use a computer.
What to do is a big problem.
例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
翻译下列句子，说出句中不定式的作用：
1. To grow plants is very important.
2. It is so nice to hear your voice.
3. My dream is to be a pilot.
4. He began to read and write at the age of five.
5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly.
6. Tom came to see me last night.
7. I am glad to see you.
8.Have you got anything to say?
9.There are many places to see in China.
10.I asked him not to open the window.
11. I don't know what to buy for you.
12. I saw him dance.
13. He often helps me clean the room.
14. They are too shy to speak English.
15. He was lucky enough to find his watch.
16. I want you to go there together with me.
解析：1、To grow plants做主语；2、to hear your voice做主语；3、to be a pilot作表语；4、to read and write作宾语；5、to speak more loudly作宾语补足语；6、to see me作状语；7、to see you作状语；8、to say作定语；9、to see作定语；10、not to open the window作宾语补足语；11、what to buy作宾语；12、dance作宾语补足语（省略to）；13、clean the room作宾语补足语（省略to）；14、to speak English作状语；15、to find his watch作状语；16、to go there together with me作宾语补足语。